![]() Because of this, manufacturers design a product first by carefully finding the optimal viscosity. The viscosity of a cosmetic product may be the determining factor of whether the consumer buys this product again. This property makes them popular in medicine. Ointments do not get absorbed by the skin as fast as creams and feel greasy, but due to high viscosity, they stay on the applied area better than creams. A good example of such cream is body butter. This is especially desirable in cold dry weather. ![]() Creams and ointments are heavier and feel more moisturizing. Lotions do not cling to hair as much because of lower viscosity, and thus are easier to use on the scalp and other areas covered with hair. They feel pleasant in hot weather but do not stay on the skin as easily and need to be rubbed in well. Because of their viscosity, lotions feel lighter and more refreshing on the skin. Ointments generally have the highest viscosity, followed by creams and then lotions. It is often the case that in those substances the water-based liquid is less viscous than the oil-based one, and when mixed the viscosity also becomes higher than that of the water-based liquid but lower than the oil-based one. They stay separated in the bottle, and before use, one needs to shake them to make a short-lived emulsion. Some lotions remain as a partitioned mix of two oil-based and water-based halves. Some examples are emulsifying wax, which is wax-treated with a detergent-like solution, and ceteareth, a substance that is a combination of saturated fatty alcohols. Additional substances called emulsifiers are often used to stabilize the emulsion - this is commonly the case in cosmetic products. Emulsions are mixtures of several substances that do not mix to form a homogeneous solution, such as oil and water. All three are emulsions of water and oils, and higher viscosity is a result of higher oil content. Lotions, creams, and ointments, whether medicated or not, are distinguished by their viscosity. Controlling it saves lives, helps generate lucrative profits to the manufacturers of cosmetics, and makes cooking easier. Understanding viscosity and how to control it is very important in a range of industries. When you stir the cream with a spoon, its viscosity is low, but when you beat it with a mixer, its viscosity increases gradually, and eventually it gets so viscous that it becomes stiff enough to keep its shape. Cream is a good example of a non-Newtonian fluid because it is not very viscous under normal conditions or if some small amount of force is applied to it, but becomes very viscous if the force is intensified. Non-Newtonian fluids become either more viscous or less viscous depending on how the force is applied to them. Newtonian fluids do not change the degree of viscosity based on the force that acts upon them. It is important to note the difference between Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids when talking about viscosity. Water is a Newtonian fluid Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids Olive oil is not viscous at room temperature, but it becomes viscous when refrigerated. For example, warm honey is easy to stir but is more viscous when colder, and so are some oils. The viscosity of many substances is temperature-dependent, therefore it is important to specify temperature when providing viscosity information. High viscosity refers to high resistance to shear stress. Solids that undergo small continuous stress, deform similar to liquids and could be described in terms of viscosity, but this property is most often used in relation to liquids and gases. The property of the jam to follow your hand is viscosity - the jam does not flow, even though you push it, but follows your hand instead. The jam will follow your hand and the cube will be distorted. If you put this jam cube onto a plate, then touch the top of the cube with your hand, and pull your hand parallel to the surface of the cube in any direction - you will be acting on the jam cube with a force that causes shear stress. For example, imagine a substance so viscous, that it can retain its shape, say a cube, for several minutes almost without changing - like a very viscous fruit jam. ![]() Viscosity is often talked about in the context of shear stress, where shear stress is defined as stress that results from a force that acts parallel to the cross-section of the object. Dynamic or absolute viscosity measures the resistance inside of the fluid and is independent of the density of this fluid. Viscosity is a property of a fluid to resist the force that pushes the fluid to flow. Pouring viscous cream into a cup of non-viscous coffee
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![]() If there is any data loss that happens during the migration or shortly thereafter, business-critical data is covered.Īdditionally, what if an employee leaves that may play a key role in the company? Having a cloud backup solution that allows migrating data between Google accounts is extremely valuable. Data that is moved into the public cloud should be backed up from the minute it hits cloud storage. If an organization is not backing up public cloud data during a migration of data to the G Suite public cloud, they are left in a tremendously vulnerable and exposed condition. Backups for Data Migrationīackups are key during any data migration. This gives organizations the ability to have backups of public cloud data that can be restored in case of accidental or intentional deletion, or ransomware infection. Having at least one daily backup allows granular restores of data from specific points in time. It ensures that backups are happening and are happening at scheduled intervals. Automated backups take the human error element out of the equation. When building a successful and effective backup strategy for data stored in the public cloud, it should be no different. When we think about how backups take place on-premise they are generally automated and happen at least daily. ![]() Let’s take a look at each of these in a bit more detail and see why each are important. What features of public cloud backup should organizations look for in a cloud backup solution? The following are key: Additionally, the potential harm business reputation can be hard to estimate if the data loss is great enough to impact business continuity.Ĭhoosing the Best G Suite Backup Solution By either intentionally or unintentionally deleting public cloud data, an employee could cost the business untold amounts of time and money. Malicious or even negligent employees can pose a security danger to public cloud storage. If there are no backups of the data in the public cloud, the ransomware infected files in the public cloud may be gone forever. ![]() ![]() A simple scenario of an on-premise workstation getting infected with ransomware and then syncing infected files to public cloud storage illustrates the danger and ease of which ransomware can infect public cloud data. When it comes to ransomware, many have been under the impression that ransomware can only affect on-premise data and not data stored in the public cloud. Data today is at risk wherever it may be housed by such security concerns as Ransomware attacks or even a malicious employee. Of tremendous concern to any organization making use of the public cloud to store data is security. Taking responsibility for protecting public cloud data is a must for any organization looking to make use of the public cloud for storing business-critical data. While there may be some type of restoration mechanism provided by public cloud vendors, it could take perhaps days to retrieve backups of data. While public cloud vendors such as Amazon, Microsoft, and Google have some impressive up-time statistics as well as redundancy, your data that is housed there is your responsibility to protect. Many have been under the impression that the public cloud is so resilient that data is never lost. Do you need to backup public cloud data? What can help organizations today in choosing the best G Suite backup solution? What does a capable G Suite backup solution allow organizations to do? How Important is backing up public cloud data?ĭo you need to backup public cloud data? Absolutely. However, one of the challenges for businesses today when thinking of migrating resources to a public cloud vendor is that it doesn’t fit the mold of traditional on-premise backup solutions. Organizations utilizing G Suite have access to cloud based email, storage, and a wide range of applications. Google has been a major player in the public cloud market especially with its suite of applications in the cloud known as G Suite. Many extremely powerful and cost-effective options exist for moving resources to the public cloud. Most organizations today are either thinking about migrating applications and resources to the public cloud or their migration is already underway. ![]() ![]() Next, the ovaries and Fallopian tubes must be investigated when suspicion is high for ectopic pregnancy the most common location for an ectopic pregnancy being the ampulla of the fallopian tube. ![]() The first and critical step is the determination of landmarks in which the bladder is identified, and subsequently, the juxtaposition between the bladder and the uterus is recognized, which makes it less likely that the exam is being performed in the adnexa. For transabdominal assessment, it is best to obtain imagining in both longitudinal and transverse views.ĭuring a transvaginal examination, the tactile indicator that is located on the handle of the probe is pointed up towards the ceiling, and the probe is inserted approximately 4 to 5 cm in the sagittal plane. It is important to distinguish the endometrial stripe in the transverse view as a dot or oval and the vaginal as a stripe going across the screen. An adequate view of the uterus includes having the length of the uterus in addition to the cervix and part of the vagina visualized. The probe is placed with the indicator to the head of the patient above the pubis symphysis in the midline. The transabdominal view in pregnancy is obtained using the curvilinear probe with the patient in a supine position. The overall technique for transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound is the same for all pregnancies, but it differs in the setting of the initial evaluation of pregnancy with trauma. In cases of traumatic injury in females with confirmed or estimated pregnancy greater than 20 weeks gestation, OBGYN expert consultation should be sought as soon as possible, and a transabdominal ultrasound must be performed to evaluate fetal well-being as soon as the mother is stabilized. During the FAST (Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma) exam, a transabdominal ultrasound is performed to assess for free fluid in the abdomen and to investigate the potential presence of intrauterine pregnancy (IUP). If IUP is identified, further assessment should include fetal heart rate, the amount of amniotic fluid, fetal movement, and the placenta. In the setting where a female of reproductive age presents with minor or major trauma, pregnancy is automatically assumed until it is ruled out with serum or urine pregnancy tests. However, in the presence of concerning symptoms such as vaginal bleeding, abdominal or pelvic pain in a female with a positive pregnancy test, an emergent pelvic ultrasound must be performed to rule out an ectopic pregnancy. If there are no concerning symptoms in pregnancy, a routine ultrasound should be performed at 10 to 13 weeks gestational age to establish accurate gestational age, determine viability, and determine the number of fetuses. It appears as a uniformly echogenic structure with rounded margins, usually located along the anterior or posterior uterine wall, where it is seen as a thickened echogenic rim of tissue surrounding the gestational sac. The placenta is visible by 10 weeks gestational age with a transabdominal ultrasound. The fetal heartbeat becomes detectable at 6 weeks of gestational age and is described initially as a “flickering” structure. The ovaries and Fallopian tubes are paired female reproductive organs that can be found lateral to the uterus. The uterus contains the gestational sac during pregnancy which is typically visualized in the center of the uterine body at 4.5 to 5 weeks of gestation and is the first structure visualized in pregnancy. The three parts of the uterus can be visualized with the use of transvaginal ultrasound, beginning most caudal: cervix, body, and then the fundus. The uterus is located posterior to the bladder and anterior to the colon. Ultrasound can be used transvaginally or transabdominally to view the female reproductive anatomy, with a transvaginal approach allowing for better visualization of structures. |
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